Contextual and individual aspects related to musculoskeletal pain in adults in southern Brazil / Aspectos contextuais e individuais relacionados à dor osteomuscular em adultos do sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain generates negative consequences in the personal and social life of individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between musculoskeletal pain and individual and contextual aspects in adults in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study (n=571). Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the adapted and translated version for Brazil of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). In the multivariable analysis, the variables were adjusted for each other taking into account the two levels: contextual and individual. RESULTS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 71.1% (95% CI: 66.4-75.4). In the adjusted analysis, the following were associated with greater musculoskeletal pain at the contextual level: lower income, lower social support from the neighborhood and lower social action. At the individual level, sex (female), older age, lower education, lower social support and morbidities (≥ 3) were associated. CONCLUSION: The present research findings showed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. Social action at the contextual level remained in the model after adjustment, this association suggests the contribution of socio-environmental factors to health outcomes.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor gera consequências negativas na vida pessoal e social dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre dor osteomuscular e aspectos individuais e contextuais em adultos do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal de um estudo de coorte de base populacional (n=571). A dor osteomuscular foi avaliada através da versão adaptada e traduzida para o Brasil do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO). Na análise multivariável, as variáveis foram ajustadas entre si levando em consideração os dois níveis: contextual e individual. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dor osteomuscular foi de 71,1% (IC 95%:66,4-75,4). Na análise ajustada estiveram associados a maior dor osteomuscular em nível contextual: menor renda, menor apoio social da vizinhança e menor ação social. Em nível individual estiveram associados o sexo (feminino), maior idade, menor escolaridade, menor apoio social e morbidades (≥3). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados desta pesquisa evidenciaram alta prevalência de dor osteomuscular. A ação social no nível contextual permaneceu no modelo após ajustamento, essa associação sugere a contribuição dos fatores socioambientais em desfechos de saúde.

Association between social capital and food patterns in women from Southern Brazil. / Associação entre capital social e padrões alimentares em mulheres do Sul do Brasil.

The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.

Associação entre capital social e padrões alimentares em mulheres do Sul do Brasil / Association between social capital and food patterns in women from Southern Brazil

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.

Abstract The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.

Geografia das disparidades em saúde entre brancos e negros em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul / Geography of health disparities among white and black people in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

Resumo Introdução O artigo discute as disparidades espaciais em saúde ao investigar pessoas brancas e negras, tomando como ponto de partida a trajetória de desenvolvimento do sistema global do capitalismo racial. Objetivo Investigar as diferenças existentes entre pessoas brancas e negras nos agravos de HIV, tuberculose e sífilis na escala de distritos sanitários na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Método Estudo ecológico, com uso de banco de dados secundários e de acesso público, disponibilizados a partir da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre. Inclui a análise espacial, a estatística descritiva e o uso de medidas de associação. Resultados A partir dos distritos sanitários, desvela-se a materialização de geografias de desigualdades e de condições de iniquidade entre pessoas brancas e negras, o que está entrelaçado com o processo histórico de ocupação da cidade de Porto Alegre. Conclusão O quesito raça/cor e a sua investigação escalar tornaram-se potência para corroborar as diferenças de qualidade de vida que desfrutam pessoas brancas e negras. Em Porto Alegre, são inequívocas evidências do racismo estrutural em saúde que denotam a urgência de ações no Sistema Único de Saúde, como as políticas de equidade.

Abstract Introduction This article discusses the spatial disparities in health between white and black people. It begins with the trajectory of development of the global system of racial capitalism. Objective To investigate the existing differences between white and black people in the conditions of HIV, tuberculosis, and syphilis in the scale of health districts in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Method Ecological study using secondary and public databases made available from the Municipal Health Secretariat of Porto Alegre. It includes spatial analysis, descriptive statistics, and the use of measures of association. Results It reveals, from the health districts, the materialization of geographies of inequalities and conditions of inequality between white and black people, which are intertwined with the historical process of occupation of the city of Porto Alegre. Conclusion The issue of race and color, as well as scalar research, have become powerful tools for correlating the differences in quality of life enjoyed by white and black people. In Porto Alegre there is unmistakable evidence of structural racism in health that denotes the urgency of actions in the unified health system (SUS), such as equity policies.

[Validity and reliability of the 8-item EUROHIS-QOL to assess Brazilian adults' quality of life]. / Validade e confiabilidade do EUROHIS-QOL 8-item para avaliar a qualidade de vida em adultos brasileiros.

The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item scale in Brazilian adults. The EUROHIS-QOL is a measurement of quality of life developed based on the generic instruments of WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-BREF. Based on data from a prospective cohort of 1,100 adults, participants in the baseline in 2006 and 2007, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, reliability, and discriminant validity were performed via multitrait-multimethod analysis, with the calculation of the average variance extracted (AVE). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 573 of these participants in 2013 to 2018. Solutions were tested with one and with two factors named functional capacity and socioeconomic conditions. Both solutions presented good internal consistency and reliability. The correlation between the items was 0.535, and the AVE was 0.397 for solution with one factor, and 0.528 and 0.341 for factors one and two, respectively, indicating good discriminant validity in the bifactorial solution. Both factors had eigenvalues greater than one and factor loadings ranging from 0.398 to 0.915. The adjustment of the unifactorial solution presented: χ2 = 186 (g.l. = 18), p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.128 (90%CI: 0.111-0.145), CFI = 0.960, TLI = 0.938, and SMRM = 0.042; while in the bifactorial presented: χ2 = 135 (g.l. = 17), p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.110 (90%CI: 0.093-0.128), CFI = 0.972, TLI = 0.954, and SMRM = 0.035. Overall, the results provide reasonable evidence for the construct validity and reliability of the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item. Instruments with fewer items, as in our case, provide greater practicality and are ideal for use in population-based studies with extensive samples.

O estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas da escala EUROHIS-QOL 8-item em adultos brasileiros. O EUROHIS-QOL 8-item é uma medida de qualidade de vida desenvolvida a partir dos instrumentos genéricos WHOQOL-100 e WHOQOL-BREF. A partir dos dados de uma coorte prospectiva com 1.100 adultos participantes da linha de base em 2006 e 2007, foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória, consistência interna, confiabilidade e validade discriminante por meio da análise multitraço-multimétodo, com o cálculo das variâncias médias extraídas (AVE). A análise fatorial confirmatória foi conduzida com 573 desses participantes nos anos de 2013 a 2018. Foram testadas soluções com um e com dois fatores nomeados capacidade funcional e condições socioeconômicas. Ambas as soluções apresentaram boa consistência interna e confiabilidade. A correlação entre os itens foi de 0,535 e as AVE foram 0,397 para solução com um fator, e 0,528 e 0,341 para os fatores um e dois, respectivamente, indicando boa validade discriminante na solução bifatorial. Os dois fatores tiveram autovalores maiores que um e cargas fatoriais variando de 0,398 a 0,915. O ajustamento da solução unifatorial foi: χ2 = 186 (g.l. = 18), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,128 (IC90%: 0,111-0,145), CFI = 0,960, TLI = 0,938 e SMRM = 0,042; enquanto na bifatorial era: χ2 = 135 (g.l. = 17), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,110 (IC90%: 0,093-0,128), CFI = 0,972, TLI = 0,954 e SMRM = 0,035. De modo geral, os resultados fornecem evidências razoáveis da validade de construto e confiabilidade do EUROHIS-QOL 8-item. Instrumentos com menor número de itens, como é o caso, proporcionam maior praticidade e são ideais para utilização em estudos de base populacional com uso de amostras extensas.

El estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de la escala EUROHIS-QOL 8-ítems (Europe Health Interview Surveys Quality of Life Abbreviated Instrument) en adultos brasileños. El índice de 8 ítems EUROHIS-QOL es una medida de calidad de vida desarrollada con base en los instrumentos genéricos WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument) y WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Abbreviated Instrument). Con base en los datos de una cohorte prospectiva de 1.100 adultos que participaron en la línea de base en 2006 y 2007, se realizaron los análisis factorial exploratorio, de consistencia interna, de confiabilidad y de validez discriminante mediante un análisis multirrasgo-multimétodo, con el cálculo de la varianza media extraída (AVE). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio con 573 de estos participantes de 2013 hasta 2018. Se probaron soluciones de uno y dos factores denominados capacidad funcional y condiciones socioeconómicas. Ambas soluciones presentaron buena consistencia interna y confiabilidad. La correlación entre los ítems fue de 0,535 y las AVE fueron de 0,397 para la solución de un factor y de 0,528 y 0,341 para los factores uno y dos, respectivamente, lo que indica una buena validez discriminante en la solución bifactorial. Los dos factores tuvieron autovalores mayores a uno y cargas factoriales que oscilaron entre 0,398 y 0,915. El ajuste de la solución unifactorial fue: χ2 = 186 (g.l. = 18), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,128 (IC90%: 0,111-0,145), CFI = 0,960, TLI = 0,938 y SMRM = 0,042; mientras que en la bifactorial fue: χ2 = 135 (g.l. = 17), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,110 (IC90%: 0,093-0,128), CFI = 0,972, TLI = 0,954 e SMRM = 0,035. En general, los resultados proporcionan evidencias razonables de la validez de constructo y confiabilidad del EUROHIS-QOL 8-ítems. Los instrumentos con menor número de ítems, como es el caso, proporcionan mayor practicidad y son ideales para su uso en estudios de base poblacional con muestras amplias.

Influência do apoio social e capital social no consumo alimentar de adultos no sul do Brasil / Influence of social support and social capital on food consumption of adults in southern Brazil

Resumo Introdução As escolhas alimentares podem ser influenciadas por apoio social e capital social. Objetivo Investigar as relações do apoio social e capital social com o consumo alimentar. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra aleatória de 1.098 adultos (≥ 18 anos de idade) de uma cidade no Sul do Brasil. O apoio social foi mensurado por meio da escala Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), e o capital social contemplou a avaliação dos indicadores de coesão social, apoio dos vizinhos, controle social informal, eficácia política e ação social. Para o consumo alimentar, utilizou-se de uma escala com base nas orientações do guia alimentar para a população brasileira. Resultados A média de idade da amostra foi de 44 anos (DP[Desvio-padrão] = 15,8), e identificou-se um consumo alimentar adequado em 38,6% (IC95%: 35,7 a 41,5). Após ajuste, observou-se uma probabilidade 40% maior para adoção de consumo alimentar adequado (saudável) entre os indivíduos com maior nível de apoio social (OR = 1,47; IC95%: 1,07 a 2,03), coesão social (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,02 a 1,92) e apoio dos vizinhos (OR = 1,45; IC95%: 1,04 a 2,02). Conclusão Os aspectos psicossociais, tanto individual quanto contextual, podem desempenhar um papel importante no consumo alimentar saudável em adultos.

Abstract Background Food choices can be influenced by psychosocial factors. Objective To investigate the relationships between social support and social capital with food consumption. Method This is a population-based cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1098 adults (≥18 years old) from a medium-sized city in southern Brazil. Social support was measured by Medical Outocomes Study (MOS) scale and social capital was assessed by social cohesion, neighbor support, informal social control, political effectiveness, and social action. For the assessment of food consumption was applied a scale based on the food guide for the Brazilian population. Results The mean age of the sample was 44 years (SD [Standard Deviation] = 15.8) and adequate food consumption was identified in 38.6% (95% CI: 35.7 to 41.5). After adjustment, there was a 40% higher probability of adopting adequate (healthy) food consumption among individuals with higher level of social support (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.03), cohesion. social (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.92) and support from neighbors (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.02). Conclusion Both individual and contextual psychosocial aspects can play an important role in healthy food consumption in adults.

Fatores associados à não realização do exame clínico das mamas em São Leopoldo, RS, 2015: estudo de base populacional / Factors associated with not performing clinical breast exams in São Leopoldo, RS, 2015: a population-based study

Resumo Introdução No Sul do Brasil, a principal causa de mortalidade por neoplasias entre as mulheres está ocupada pelo câncer de mama. O exame clínico anual das mamas está recomendado como medida de rastreamento. Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de não realização do exame clínico de mamas nos últimos 12 meses e fatores associados em mulheres de 20 a 69 anos residentes no município de São Leopoldo/RS em 2015. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional, no qual foram incluídas na análise variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) por regressão de Poisson. Resultados Entre 1.128 mulheres, a prevalência de não realização de exame clínico das mamas foi de 52,6% (IC95%: 51,1-57,2); na análise ajustada, a não realização do exame mostrou-se associada à classe econômica D/E (RP = 1,58; IC95%: 1,16-2,15) e escolaridade de 0 a 4 anos de estudo (RP = 2,16; IC95%: 1,33-3,53). Conclusão As mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social apresentaram maior probabilidade de não realização do exame, demonstrando a iniquidade do sistema.

Abstract Background In southern Brazil, the main cause of mortality from cancer among women is breast cancer. Annual clinical breast examination is recommended as a screening measure. Objective To investigate the prevalence of patients that did not perform breast exams in the last 12 months and its associated factors in women aged 20 to 69 years living in São Leopoldo/RS in 2015. Method The present research is a population-based, cross-sectional study; demographic and socio-economic variables were included in the analysis; prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated by Poisson regression. Results Among the 1128 women sampled, the prevalence of not performing clinical breast exams was of 52.6% (95%CI: 51.1-57.2); in the adjusted analysis, not performing clinical breast exams was associated with having a D/E socio-economic status (PR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.16-2.15), as well as with having an educational level of 0 to 4 years of study (PR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.33-3.53). Conclusion Women in social vulnerability were more likely to not perform the exams, demonstrating the inequity of the system.

Does sleep quality modify the relationship between common mental disorders and chronic low back pain in adult women?

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the association between common mental disorders (CMD) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) in women, while considering poor sleep quality as a potential effect modifier of this relationship. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1068 women (age 20-69 years) living in the urban area of São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. CLBP was defined as pain lasting for ≥3 months; CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20; score ≥8); poor sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; score ≥5). Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of CLBP, CMD, and poor sleep quality was 46.8% (95% CI: 43.8-49.8), 33.5% (95% CI: 30.3-36.3), and 42.3% (95% CI: 39.3-45.2), respectively. Poor sleep quality was a significant modifier of the association between CMD and CLBP. Among women with poor sleep quality, women with CMD had a 48% higher probability of having CLBP compared to women without CMD and after adjustment for confounders (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.23-1.77; p < 0.001). The relationship between CMD and CLBP was not statistically significant in women with good sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a significant relationship between CMD and CLBP, wherein poor sleep quality acted as an effect modifier. Women with CMD and poor sleep quality were more vulnerable to CLBP.

Lifestyle, high Body Mass Index, and markers of socioeconomic conditions associated with multimorbidity in women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20-69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3-24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51-2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09-2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27-2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. CONCLUSION: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.

Validade e confiabilidade do EUROHIS-QOL 8-item para avaliar a qualidade de vida em adultos brasileiros / Validity and reliability of the 8-item EUROHIS-QOL to assess Brazilian adults' quality of life / Validez y confiabilidad de EUROHIS-QOL-8-ítem para evaluar la calidad de vida en adultos brasileños

O estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas da escala EUROHIS-QOL 8-item em adultos brasileiros. O EUROHIS-QOL 8-item é uma medida de qualidade de vida desenvolvida a partir dos instrumentos genéricos WHOQOL-100 e WHOQOL-BREF. A partir dos dados de uma coorte prospectiva com 1.100 adultos participantes da linha de base em 2006 e 2007, foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória, consistência interna, confiabilidade e validade discriminante por meio da análise multitraço-multimétodo, com o cálculo das variâncias médias extraídas (AVE). A análise fatorial confirmatória foi conduzida com 573 desses participantes nos anos de 2013 a 2018. Foram testadas soluções com um e com dois fatores nomeados capacidade funcional e condições socioeconômicas. Ambas as soluções apresentaram boa consistência interna e confiabilidade. A correlação entre os itens foi de 0,535 e as AVE foram 0,397 para solução com um fator, e 0,528 e 0,341 para os fatores um e dois, respectivamente, indicando boa validade discriminante na solução bifatorial. Os dois fatores tiveram autovalores maiores que um e cargas fatoriais variando de 0,398 a 0,915. O ajustamento da solução unifatorial foi: χ2 = 186 (g.l. = 18), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,128 (IC90%: 0,111-0,145), CFI = 0,960, TLI = 0,938 e SMRM = 0,042; enquanto na bifatorial era: χ2 = 135 (g.l. = 17), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,110 (IC90%: 0,093-0,128), CFI = 0,972, TLI = 0,954 e SMRM = 0,035. De modo geral, os resultados fornecem evidências razoáveis da validade de construto e confiabilidade do EUROHIS-QOL 8-item. Instrumentos com menor número de itens, como é o caso, proporcionam maior praticidade e são ideais para utilização em estudos de base populacional com uso de amostras extensas.

The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item scale in Brazilian adults. The EUROHIS-QOL is a measurement of quality of life developed based on the generic instruments of WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-BREF. Based on data from a prospective cohort of 1,100 adults, participants in the baseline in 2006 and 2007, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, reliability, and discriminant validity were performed via multitrait-multimethod analysis, with the calculation of the average variance extracted (AVE). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 573 of these participants in 2013 to 2018. Solutions were tested with one and with two factors named functional capacity and socioeconomic conditions. Both solutions presented good internal consistency and reliability. The correlation between the items was 0.535, and the AVE was 0.397 for solution with one factor, and 0.528 and 0.341 for factors one and two, respectively, indicating good discriminant validity in the bifactorial solution. Both factors had eigenvalues greater than one and factor loadings ranging from 0.398 to 0.915. The adjustment of the unifactorial solution presented: χ2 = 186 (g.l. = 18), p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.128 (90%CI: 0.111-0.145), CFI = 0.960, TLI = 0.938, and SMRM = 0.042; while in the bifactorial presented: χ2 = 135 (g.l. = 17), p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.110 (90%CI: 0.093-0.128), CFI = 0.972, TLI = 0.954, and SMRM = 0.035. Overall, the results provide reasonable evidence for the construct validity and reliability of the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item. Instruments with fewer items, as in our case, provide greater practicality and are ideal for use in population-based studies with extensive samples.

El estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de la escala EUROHIS-QOL 8-ítems (Europe Health Interview Surveys Quality of Life Abbreviated Instrument) en adultos brasileños. El índice de 8 ítems EUROHIS-QOL es una medida de calidad de vida desarrollada con base en los instrumentos genéricos WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument) y WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Abbreviated Instrument). Con base en los datos de una cohorte prospectiva de 1.100 adultos que participaron en la línea de base en 2006 y 2007, se realizaron los análisis factorial exploratorio, de consistencia interna, de confiabilidad y de validez discriminante mediante un análisis multirrasgo-multimétodo, con el cálculo de la varianza media extraída (AVE). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio con 573 de estos participantes de 2013 hasta 2018. Se probaron soluciones de uno y dos factores denominados capacidad funcional y condiciones socioeconómicas. Ambas soluciones presentaron buena consistencia interna y confiabilidad. La correlación entre los ítems fue de 0,535 y las AVE fueron de 0,397 para la solución de un factor y de 0,528 y 0,341 para los factores uno y dos, respectivamente, lo que indica una buena validez discriminante en la solución bifactorial. Los dos factores tuvieron autovalores mayores a uno y cargas factoriales que oscilaron entre 0,398 y 0,915. El ajuste de la solución unifactorial fue: χ2 = 186 (g.l. = 18), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,128 (IC90%: 0,111-0,145), CFI = 0,960, TLI = 0,938 y SMRM = 0,042; mientras que en la bifactorial fue: χ2 = 135 (g.l. = 17), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,110 (IC90%: 0,093-0,128), CFI = 0,972, TLI = 0,954 e SMRM = 0,035. En general, los resultados proporcionan evidencias razonables de la validez de constructo y confiabilidad del EUROHIS-QOL 8-ítems. Los instrumentos con menor número de ítems, como es el caso, proporcionan mayor practicidad y son ideales para su uso en estudios de base poblacional con muestras amplias.

Lifestyle, high Body Mass Index, and markers of socioeconomic conditions associated with multimorbidity in women

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20-69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3-24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51-2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09-2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27-2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. Conclusion: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.

[Food environment in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: the association with neighborhood sociodemographic variables]. / Ambiente alimentar em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: associação com variáveis sociodemográficas da vizinhança.

The scope of this study is to describe the food environment of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil and compare the availability of different types of food outlets in neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic environments. An ecological study was carried out in 45 buffers of 400m in São Leopoldo county, RS. The buffer was calculated from the center point of the residences of women participating in a larger research project. All streets were surveyed to identify food stores and record their geographical coordinates, as well as apply the NEMS questionnaire on the availability, price and quality of 108 items. The commercial outlets were classified as supermarkets, grocery stores, fruit stores and convenience stores. Supermarkets and grocery stores were present in higher quantity in lower income buffers and grocery stores were more prevalent in those with higher population tertiles. Another result was a direct relationship between NEMS and tertile income scores for supermarkets, grocery stores and fruit stores, and an indirect relationship for the same stores and population tertile. The availability of healthy food was higher in areas with higher income and lower numbers of inhabitants, indicating the need for better distribution of food stores and availability of varieties of food in the municipality.

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o ambiente alimentar de um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil e relacionar a disponibilidade de diferentes tipos de comércios de alimentos com características socioeconômicas e demográficas do entorno. Trata-se de estudo ecológico em 45 buffers, de 400m, em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. O buffer foi calculado a partir do centróide das residências das mulheres participantes de um projeto de pesquisa maior. Todas as ruas foram percorridas para a identificação dos estabelecimentos de alimentos, que tiveram suas coordenadas geográficas registradas, bem como foram avaliados, através do questionário NEMS (Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores), sobre disponibilidade, preço e qualidade de 108 itens. Os comércios foram classificados em supermercados, mercearias, fruteiras e lojas de conveniência. Os supermercados e as mercearias estavam em maior número nos buffers de menor renda e mercearias mais presentes naqueles de maior tercil populacional. Observa-se relação direta entre escores do NEMS e tercil de renda para supermercados, mercearias e fruteiras e indireta para os mesmos comércios e tercil populacional. A disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis se mostrou mais elevada em áreas de maior renda e menor número de habitantes, o que sinaliza a necessidade de melhor distribuição dos comércios e variedades de alimentos.

Ambiente alimentar em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: associação com variáveis sociodemográficas da vizinhança / Food environment in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: the association with neighborhood sociodemographic variables

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o ambiente alimentar de um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil e relacionar a disponibilidade de diferentes tipos de comércios de alimentos com características socioeconômicas e demográficas do entorno. Trata-se de estudo ecológico em 45 buffers, de 400m, em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. O buffer foi calculado a partir do centróide das residências das mulheres participantes de um projeto de pesquisa maior. Todas as ruas foram percorridas para a identificação dos estabelecimentos de alimentos, que tiveram suas coordenadas geográficas registradas, bem como foram avaliados, através do questionário NEMS (Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores), sobre disponibilidade, preço e qualidade de 108 itens. Os comércios foram classificados em supermercados, mercearias, fruteiras e lojas de conveniência. Os supermercados e as mercearias estavam em maior número nos buffers de menor renda e mercearias mais presentes naqueles de maior tercil populacional. Observa-se relação direta entre escores do NEMS e tercil de renda para supermercados, mercearias e fruteiras e indireta para os mesmos comércios e tercil populacional. A disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis se mostrou mais elevada em áreas de maior renda e menor número de habitantes, o que sinaliza a necessidade de melhor distribuição dos comércios e variedades de alimentos.

Abstract The scope of this study is to describe the food environment of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil and compare the availability of different types of food outlets in neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic environments. An ecological study was carried out in 45 buffers of 400m in São Leopoldo county, RS. The buffer was calculated from the center point of the residences of women participating in a larger research project. All streets were surveyed to identify food stores and record their geographical coordinates, as well as apply the NEMS questionnaire on the availability, price and quality of 108 items. The commercial outlets were classified as supermarkets, grocery stores, fruit stores and convenience stores. Supermarkets and grocery stores were present in higher quantity in lower income buffers and grocery stores were more prevalent in those with higher population tertiles. Another result was a direct relationship between NEMS and tertile income scores for supermarkets, grocery stores and fruit stores, and an indirect relationship for the same stores and population tertile. The availability of healthy food was higher in areas with higher income and lower numbers of inhabitants, indicating the need for better distribution of food stores and availability of varieties of food in the municipality.

Dor lombar crônica em uma população de mulheres do Sul do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados / Lumbalgia crónica en mujeres de la región Sur de Brasil: prevalencia y factores asociados / Chronic low back pain in a population of women in Southern Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de dor lombar crônica e seus fatores associados em uma população de mulheres. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.128 mulheres com idade entre 20 e 69 anos e residentes na zona urbana de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. A dor lombar crônica foi avaliada a partir da presença de dor com duração mínima de três meses, e os fatores investigados incluíram aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamentais e antropométricos. Os resultados indicaram uma prevalência de dor lombar crônica de 46,5% (IC95%: 43,6-49,4). Após ajuste, os fatores associados à dor lombar crônica foram: idade, atividade física e estado nutricional. Observou-se uma associação com tendência linear positiva entre idade e dor lombar, assim como uma probabilidade 31% (RP=1,31; IC95%: 1,05-1,64; p=0,02) e 25% (RP=1,25; IC95%: 1,09-1,42; p<0,001) maior de mulheres fisicamente inativas e obesas terem dor lombar, quando comparadas às mulheres fisicamente ativas e com peso corporal normal, respectivamente. Assim, este estudo evidenciou uma elevada prevalência de dor lombar crônica em mulheres, identificando como principais fatores associados a sua ocorrência a idade avançada, a inatividade física e a obesidade.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de lumbalgia crónica y sus factores asociados en mujeres. Se realizó un estudio transversal, poblacional, con 1.128 mujeres de entre 20 y 69 años de edad, residentes en la zona urbana de São Leopoldo, en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Para caracterizar lumbalgia crónica se evaluó la presencia de dolor durante al menos tres meses, y los factores investigados incluyeron aspectos sociodemográficos, conductuales y antropométricos. Los resultados apuntan una prevalencia de lumbalgia crónica del 46,5% (IC95%: 43,6-49,4). Tras el ajuste, los factores asociados a la lumbalgia crónica fueron: edad, actividad física y estado nutricional. Hubo una asociación de tendencia lineal positiva entre la edad y la lumbalgia, así como una probabilidad del 31% (RP=1,31; IC95%: 1,05-1,64; p=0,02) y del 25% (RP= 1,25; IC95%: 1,09-1,42; p<0,001) mayor de dolor lumbar en mujeres físicamente inactivas y obesas en comparación con mujeres físicamente activas y con peso corporal normal. Este estudio evidenció una alta prevalencia de lumbalgia crónica en mujeres y los principales factores asociados fueron la edad avanzada, la inactividad física y la obesidad.

ABSTRACT This study sought to identify the prevalence of chronic low back pain and its associated factors in a population of women. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 1,128 women aged 20 to 69 and living in the urban area of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Chronic low back pain was assessed by the presence of prevailing pain lasting for at least three months, and the investigated factors consisted of sociodemographic, behavioral and anthropometric aspects. The prevalence of chronic low back pain was 46.5% (95%CI: 43.6-49.4). After the adjustment, factors associated with the presence of chronic low back pain were: age, physical activity and nutritional status. We observed an association with a positive linear trend between age and low back pain. Furthermore, physically inactive and obese women presented, respectively, a 31% (PR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.05-1.64; p=0.02) and 25% (PR=1.25; 95%CI: 1.09-1.42; p<0.001) higher probability of presenting low back pain than those with normal body weight. In conclusion, we identified a high prevalence of chronic low back pain in women, and the main associated factors included: advanced age, physical inactivity and obesity.

Territories Under Siege: Risks of the Decimation of Indigenous and Quilombolas Peoples in the Context of COVID-19 in South Brazil.

The current health, political, and environmental crisis ongoing in Brazil and the advances of the impacts of COVID-19 in traditional populations (as indigenous and quilombolas) are not yet prioritized in the scientific production about the novel coronavirus. We performed spatial correlation analysis to map the clusters and outliers of COVID-19 in South of Brazil to identify indigenous and quilombolas communities impacted right now in the pandemic. We show that communities located nearby metropolitan areas and mid-sized cities are the most impacted by the COVID-19 and the advance of the transmission to inner states may intensify the ongoing historical process of elimination of indigenous and quilombolas people. We call for a global response to the indigenous and quilombolas situation in Brazil, pointing to the need of more analysis in the country.

Direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference in a female population-based study in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference (WC), considering behavioural factors as intermediate variables. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected between February and October 2015. Poor sleep quality was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). Weight, height (used to calculate BMI) and WC were measured using standard protocols. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fast food consumption were considered intermediate variables. Non-standardised effects were estimated by path analysis with bootstrapped CI. SETTING: Urban region of the city of São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Representative sample of 1117 women aged between 20 and 69 years. RESULTS: Poor sleep quality (higher PSQI-BR scores) was significantly associated with low physical activity levels (ß = -0·05; 95 % CI -0·09, -0·01). High physical activity levels were associated with lower BMI (ß = -0·21; 95 % CI -0·37, -0·07) and WC (ß = -0·64; 95 % CI -1·00, -0·30). There was a non-significant direct effect of poor sleep quality on BMI and WC. However, low physical activity showed a significant indirect effect on the association between poor sleep quality and increased WC (ß = 0·03; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·07). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the association between sleep quality and WC is mediated by physical activity. This finding can assist in the development of strategies to prevent and reduce abdominal obesity in adult women.

Reflexões sobre a coleta do quesito raça/cor na Atenção Básica (SUS) no Sul do Brasil / Reflections on the collection of the issue of race/color in the Basic Care (SUS) in the south of Brazil

Resumo Este artigo analisa a forma e os efeitos da coleta do quesito raça/cor na pesquisa "Racismo, relações de saber-poder e sofrimento psíquico". A pesquisa foi realizada em uma parceria entre as Universidades Federais do Rio Grande do Sul e de Pelotas e as Secretarias Municipais de Saúde de Porto Alegre e de Pelotas, com foco na Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa elaborada em conjunto com profissionais da rede. O referencial teórico-metodológico se sustenta na psicologia social e na pesquisa-intervenção. Foram entrevistados(as) 580 usuários(as) e realizados 11 grupos focais com usuários(as) e profissionais da saúde. Os resultados apontam que 53% dos(as) usuários(as) entrevistados(as) se autodeclararam negros(as), corroborando outros estudos que demonstram que os(as) usuários(as) do SUS são majoritariamente negros(as). Na análise dos grupos focais, identificamos três aspectos principais: (1) existe a dificuldade em perguntar/responder a autodeclaração racial; (2) o racismo se expressa na coleta do quesito raça/cor; (3) os(as) profissionais de saúde têm dificuldade em reconhecer a utilidade do quesito raça/cor. Assim, é preciso fortalecer as práticas de educação continuada sobre as relações entre racismo e saúde.

Abstract This article analyzes the form and effects of collecting information on race/color in the research "Racism, knowledge-power relations and psychological suffering". The research was carried out in a partnership between the Federal Universities of Rio Grande do Sul and Pelotas and the Municipal Health Departments of Porto Alegre and Pelotas, focused on the Basic Care of the Unified Health System (SUS). This is a research developed in conjunction with health professionals. The theoretical-methodological framework is based on social psychology and research-intervention. In total, 580 users were interviewed, and 11 focus groups were held with users and health professionals. The results show that 53% of the interviewed users declared themselves as black, corroborating other studies that demonstrate that SUS' users are mostly black. In the analysis of the focus groups, we identified three main aspects: (1) there is a difficulty in asking/answering the racial self-declaration; (2) racism is expressed in the collection of information on race/color; (3) health professionals find it difficult to recognize the usefulness of the race/color item for health practices. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen continuous education practices on the relation between racism and health.

Sedentary behavior across different domains among adult women in the south of Brazil: a population based study. / Comportamento sedentário em diferentes domínios de mulheres adultas do sul do Brasil: um estudo de base populacional.

The aim of this study was to describe sedentary behavior (SB) across leisure, occupation, and transport domains and determine factors associated with excessive sedentary behavior (ESB). Cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 1,126 women aged 20-69 years living in São Leopoldo/RS. SB, demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and health factors data were collected using a questionnaire administered by interviewers. The cut-off point for ESB was defined as the median. Associations were tested using Poisson regression with robust error variance. The medians and interquartile intervals (min/day) for leisure, occupation, and transport SB were 163.9(86.6-2710.5), 51.4(0-257.1), and 17.1(5.7-37.3), respectively. The likelihood of leisure SB increased with education level, was higher among women who were not employed, lived in household without children, and smokers. In other domains, there was an inverse association between age, being white, economic class, education level, and income and ESB. Direct association between living in a household with a car and excessive transport SB and women who were not employed were 30% less likely to engage in ESB in this domain. The predominant domain in Total SB was leisure. Associations differed across domains, indicating that domain-specific interventions should be implemented in addressing excessive SB.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o comportamento sedentário (CS) nos domínios lazer, ocupação e deslocamento e verificar fatores associados ao excesso deste comportamento (ECS). Estudo transversal, com amostra representativa de 1.126 mulheres, 20-69 anos, de São Leopoldo/RS. CS, variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais e relacionada à saúde foram avaliados através de questionário, aplicado em forma de entrevista. Considerou-se ECS valores acima da mediana. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. As medianas e intervalos interquartílicos (min/dia), para o CS no lazer, ocupação e deslocamento foram, respectivamente, 163,9 (86,6-2710,5), 51,4 (0-257,1) e 17,1 (5,7-37,3). A probabilidade do ECS no lazer aumentou com a escolaridade, foi maior entre as mulheres que não trabalhavam, sem crianças em casa e fumantes. Nos demais domínios, a probabilidade aumentou inversamente com a idade, foi maior entre mulheres brancas e aumentou com a classe econômica, escolaridade e renda. A probabilidade de ECS no deslocamento também aumentou com o número de carros no domicílio e foi 30% menor entre mulheres que não trabalhavam. O maior tempo de CS observado foi no domínio do lazer. As associações diferiram segundo o domínio, indicando distintas intervenções.

Comportamento sedentário em diferentes domínios de mulheres adultas do sul do Brasil: um estudo de base populacional / Sedentary behavior across different domains among adult women in the south of Brazil: a population based study

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o comportamento sedentário (CS) nos domínios lazer, ocupação e deslocamento e verificar fatores associados ao excesso deste comportamento (ECS). Estudo transversal, com amostra representativa de 1.126 mulheres, 20-69 anos, de São Leopoldo/RS. CS, variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais e relacionada à saúde foram avaliados através de questionário, aplicado em forma de entrevista. Considerou-se ECS valores acima da mediana. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. As medianas e intervalos interquartílicos (min/dia), para o CS no lazer, ocupação e deslocamento foram, respectivamente, 163,9 (86,6-2710,5), 51,4 (0-257,1) e 17,1 (5,7-37,3). A probabilidade do ECS no lazer aumentou com a escolaridade, foi maior entre as mulheres que não trabalhavam, sem crianças em casa e fumantes. Nos demais domínios, a probabilidade aumentou inversamente com a idade, foi maior entre mulheres brancas e aumentou com a classe econômica, escolaridade e renda. A probabilidade de ECS no deslocamento também aumentou com o número de carros no domicílio e foi 30% menor entre mulheres que não trabalhavam. O maior tempo de CS observado foi no domínio do lazer. As associações diferiram segundo o domínio, indicando distintas intervenções.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe sedentary behavior (SB) across leisure, occupation, and transport domains and determine factors associated with excessive sedentary behavior (ESB). Cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 1,126 women aged 20-69 years living in São Leopoldo/RS. SB, demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and health factors data were collected using a questionnaire administered by interviewers. The cut-off point for ESB was defined as the median. Associations were tested using Poisson regression with robust error variance. The medians and interquartile intervals (min/day) for leisure, occupation, and transport SB were 163.9(86.6-2710.5), 51.4(0-257.1), and 17.1(5.7-37.3), respectively. The likelihood of leisure SB increased with education level, was higher among women who were not employed, lived in household without children, and smokers. In other domains, there was an inverse association between age, being white, economic class, education level, and income and ESB. Direct association between living in a household with a car and excessive transport SB and women who were not employed were 30% less likely to engage in ESB in this domain. The predominant domain in Total SB was leisure. Associations differed across domains, indicating that domain-specific interventions should be implemented in addressing excessive SB.

Prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in women and associated factors: a population-based study in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2015. / Prevalência de diabetes mellitus autorreferido em mulheres e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, 2015.

Objective to analyze the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and associated factors in women aged 20 to 69 years in São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. Method this was a population-based cross-sectional study, the outcome of which was self-reported medical diagnosis of DM. Poisson regression was used. Results 1,128 women took part, 8.16% (95%CI2.56;13.74) reported DM diagnosis; in the adjusted analysis association was found between the outcome and the 50-59 years age group (PR=15.73 - 95%CI4.84;71.00) and the over 60s (PR=8.95 - 95%CI1.98;40.49), economic classes D/E (PR=2.37 - 95%CI1.17;4.83), obesity (PR=1.41 - 95%CI0.85;2.32), arterial hypertension (PR=2.78 - 95%CI1.73;4.46), common mental disorders (PR=1.47 - 95%CI1.04;2.05), dyslipidemia (PR=2.16 - 95%CI1.45;3.23), regular/poor self-perception of health (PR=2.80 - 95%CI1.20;6.56), and not working (PR=1.98 - 95%CI1.11;3.53). Conclusion DM was associated with situations of economic and social vulnerability, such as poverty and being outside the labor market, as well as with the presence of other diseases.